What is Brainfuck?

Brainfuck is an esoteric programming language. It was created by Urban Müller in 1993 with the goal of designing a language for which the smallest possible compiler could be written.
It is not intended for practical software development but rather as a challenge for programmers and a joke.

Key Characteristics:
1-Minimalism: The language consists of only 8 commands.
2- Turing-complete: Despite its simplicity, it is theoretically capable of computing any task, given enough time and memory.
3- Machine Model: It operates directly on an array of memory cells (like a Turing machine's tape). Each cell is typically one byte in size.
4- Not User-friendly: Writing complex programs in Brainfuck is extremely difficult and is considered a puzzle for enthusiasts.

The 8 Commands/Syntax and What it does:
Command > : Move the memory pointer to the next cell (to the right).
Command < : Move the memory pointer to the previous cell (to the left).
Command + : Increment the value in the current memory cell by 1.
Command - : Decrement the value in the current memory cell by 1.
Command . : Output the ASCII character of the current cell's value.
Command , : Input one character and store its ASCII value in the current cell.
Command [ : Start a loop. If the current cell's value is zero, jump to the matching ].
Command ] : End a loop. If the current cell's value is not zero, jump back to the matching [.

Hello World Program:
++++++++[>++++[>++>+++>+++>+<<<<-]>+>+>->>+[<]<-]>>.>---.+++++++..+++.>>.<-.<.+++.------.--------.>>+.>++.

Real-World Usage & Legacy:
1- No Major Software: There are no known major, practical applications written in Brainfuck that are in use today. Its purpose is educational and experimental.
2- Obfuscation: It is sometimes used to write hidden or obfuscated code within larger, normal programs as a form of Easter egg.
3- Mental Exercise: It is primarily used by programmers to test their understanding of programming fundamentals and for fun challenges.

How was Brainfuck itself written?
The original Brainfuck compiler (which was only 296 bytes large!) was written in Assembly language (for the Amiga platform). However, because the language is so simple, interpreters and compilers for Brainfuck have since been written in virtually every other language, including C, Python, Java, and even other esoteric languages.